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Beauty & Personal Care Fashion & Fashion Accessories Kid's Wear & Toys Money Exchange & BankingPromate Solo for Laptops up to 15.6"Here are several convenient ways to tell whether a .NET assembly is strongly named.  (English language note: I assume the form “strongly named” is preferred over “strong named” since that’s the form used in the output of the sn.exe tool shown immediately below.) Towards the end, this post discusses use of Strong Names with Silverlight. Then in the final section of this post the often confusing – though very important – differences between Strongly Named assemblies and Digitally Signed assemblies are clarified. But first, here are three approaches for telling whether a .NET Assembly is Strongly Named... You tell whether an Assembly/DLL has been successfully strong-named using the Strong Name Tool (sn.exe) (which can be found somewhere like here: C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\bin\sn.exe) by running the following at the command line:

Here are the results when running against a strongly named assembly, then one that is not strongly named. Since the return value from sn.exe is 0 (zero) when the strong name is in place, and 1 (one) if not correctly strong named, you can test for this in a script by examining ERRORLEVEL, as in the following (put it into a text file called “sn-test.bat” for example and run as “sn-test foo.dll”): Note that this will tell you whether it has SOME strong name, but does not tell you which one. backpack jb chordsSo this technique is not appropriate for all uses, but might help in, say, an automated script that checks your about-to-be-released assemblies to make sure you remembered to add the strong names to them. scansmart backpack 1900(See note below – “Strong Names not for Security”.)backpack nach abi

If you need finer-grain control and wish to write low-level code to ascertain the strong-naming status of an assembly, you can do that too. Visual Studio ships with a handy utility – the Microsoft Intermediate Language Disassembler (ILDASM.EXE (tutorial)) – which can be used for disassembling .NET binaries to peruse the contents, perhaps for viewing the method signatures or viewing the .NET Assembly Manifest. It is helpful to load an assembly using IL DASM and examine the manifest to see whether there is a strong name key available. Your first step is to load the desired Assembly using the ildasm.exe utility. On my Windows 7 machine, IL DASM is found at and you can load up the System.Drawing.dll .NET Assembly as in the following example: Once loaded, you will see a screen like the one below. Note the MANIFEST section highlighted. Double-click on MANIFEST which load the following screen of manifest-specific data: Find the section for the Assembly you’ve loaded – in this case, System.Drawing and following the section (which is marked with the “.assembly System.Drawing” directive highlighted above, and the content begins with the opening brace (“{“) shown above, and ends with its matching brace later in the manifest, and shown below.

The highlighted part of the manifest is the public key for this assembly. This public key can also be seen using the sn.exe tool, as follows: Note that the Public key in the output from sn.exe matches the highlighted public key in the image immediately above it (of course you should ignore the spaces between pairs of digits in the screen shot). If an assembly is not strongly named, the Public key will be missing from the manifest and will not be displayed by sn -Tp command. Since IL DASM comes with both Visual Studio and with the .NET SDK, it is already on the desktop for most .NET Developers, and is therefore sometimes the handiest tool. The third option, .NET Reflector, is a third-party tool, though one adopted by many .NET Developers due to its awesomeness. Reflector conveniently shows more details about the strong name. You can load an assembly in the free version RedGate’s .NET Reflector and quickly see the strong name details – or lack thereof for non-strong named assemblies.

In the image below, see at the bottom where the strong name string is highlighted. Note that the strong name has five parts (though the Culture is optional): In the next image, see at the bottom where the LACK OF complete name string is highlighted; this assembly does not have a strong name to display, so “Name” field includes a value for PublicKeyToken. (Note that in the real world, Spring.Core.dll is in fact released as strongly named by the good folks on the Spring.NET project; the screen shot below was done on a non-production version of that DLL.) While you are at it… make Reflector the default program for “launching” assemblies (actually would need to be for all files ending in the .DLL extension, but Reflector is smart enough to not choke on non-.NET assemblies). This post promised three ways to tell if a .NET Assembly has a strong name – but here is a bonus 4th way. Windows Explorer will not show you the strong name characteristics of an assembly, with one exception – for assemblies in the Global Assembly Cache (GAC), strong name data is included in the Properties dialog.

If  you are examining the GAC, this can be handy. Of course, if an assembly is in the GAC at all, it is strongly named by definition; assemblies are required by .NET to be strongly named to be allowed in the GAC. Silverlight also has support for strongly named assemblies, which is needed for the Cached Assembly Feature introduced in Silverlight 3.0. (Silverlight 4 also introduces supports for digital signatures on XAP files, created by signtool.exe, which are validated by the Silverlight runtime for out-of-browser (OOB) applications running with elevated trust.) Strongly Naming and Digitally Signing are largely orthogonal concerns. They have different purposes, different tools, and the digital certificates may come from different sources (for publicly distributed binaries, the certs for Digital Signing usually will come from a PKI source, though that is not essential for the Strong Naming certs). The only dependency among them is that if the Assembly is to be Strongly Named, then the Strong Naming step has to happen before the Digital Signing step.

How do I check whether an assembly is Digitally Signed? You can run the following command to determine whether assembly “foo.dll” is digitally signed: If you want to see the hash – for example, to compare with another assembly’s hash – then you can view it using the following command sequence: Of course, you can use sn.exe and signtool.exe together (one after another) to examine an assembly to ascertain both whether it is strongly named and whether it has been digitally signed. Finally, a word of caution… Strong names are about versioning, not about security. Strong names are more about avoiding DLL Hell (which is largely an accidental concern) than about avoiding hackers (which is deliberate). While a strong name may help alert you to tampering, realize that strong names can be hacked, and Microsoft emphasizes that  strong-named assemblies do not give the same level of trust as digitally signing: Strong names provide a strong integrity check. Passing the .NET Framework security checks guarantees that the contents of the assembly have not been changed since it was built.